INDICES

 

CATEGORICAL INDEX

 

SECTION  1.            TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE

 

P.1-1                          TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE

 

P.1-2                          Introduction

 

P.1A-1                       TAXES

 

P.1A-2                       Taxes

 

P.1A1-1                     GENERAL TAXES

 

P.1A1-2-4                 General Taxes

P.1A1-5                     List of General Taxes (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1A1-6                     Corporate Gross Receipts Tax 

P.1A1-7                     Corporate Income Tax

P.1A1-8                     Death and Gift Taxes

P.1A1-9                     Individual Income Tax

P.1A1-10                   Local Sales Taxes

P.1A1-11                   Personal (Tangible) Property Taxes

P.1A1-12                   Real (Ad Valorem) Property Taxes

P.1A1-13                   State Sales and Use Taxes

P.1A1-14                   Value Added Taxes

P.1A1-15                   Other

P.1A1-16                   Comparison Matrix for General Taxes

 

P.1A2-1                     SELECTIVE SALES TAXES

 

P.1A2-2                     Selective Sales Taxes

P.1A2-3                     List of Selective Sales Taxes (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1A2-4                     Alcoholic Beverage Taxes

P.1A2-5                     Amusement Taxes

P.1A2-6                     Energy Taxes

P.1A2-7                     Fertilizer/Pesticide Taxes (Agricultural Chemicals)

P.1A2-8                     Green Product Taxes

P.1A2-9                     Hard-to-Dispose Taxes

P.1A2-10                   Hotel and Resort Taxes

 

 

SECTION 1.             TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE (continued)

 

P.1A2-11                   Insurance Premium Taxes

P.1A2-12                              Litter Control Taxes

P.1A2-13                   Marine and Aviation Taxes

P.1A2-14                   Miscellaneous Selective Sales Taxes

P.1A2-15                   Motor Fuel Taxes

P.1A2-16                   Motor Vehicle Sales and Registration Taxes

P.1A2-17                   Petroleum Products Taxes

P.1A2-18                   Real Estate Transfer Taxes

P.1A2-19                   Rental Car Taxes

P.1A2-20                   Tobacco Taxes

P.1A2-21                   Watercraft Sales Taxes

P.1A2-22                   Other

P.1A2-23-24             Comparison Matrix for Selective Sales Taxes

 

P.1B-1                       FEES

 

P.1B-2-3                    Fees

P.1B-4                       List of Fees (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1B-5                       Access Rights

P.1B-6                       Bond Issuance Fees

P.1B-7                       Connection Fees

P.1B-8                       Construction Fees

P.1B-9                       Franchise Fees

P.1B-10                     Inspection/Monitoring/Testing Fees

P.1B-11                     Licensing and Recreational Fees

P.1B-12                     Local Aquifer Protection Fees

P.1B-13                     Local Water/Wastewater Utility User Fees

P.1B-14                     Permitting Fees

P.1B-15                     Product Registration Fees

P.1B-16                     Professional Certification Fees

P.1B-17                     Septic System Impact Fees

P.1B-18                     Solid Waste Disposal  Fees  (Tipping, Septage/Sludge)

P.1B-19                     State Public Water Supply Withdrawal Fees

P.1B-20                     Tolls

P.1B-21                     Transporter Fees

P.1B-22                     Water Rights Application Fees

P.1B-23                     Well Permit/Pumping Fees

P.1B-24                     Other

P.1B-25-26               Comparison Matrix for Fees

 

 

SECTION 1.             TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE (continued)

 

P.1C-1                       SPECIAL CHARGES

 

P.1C-2-3                   Special Charges

P.1C-4                       List of Special Charges (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1C-5                       Direct Water Use Charges

P.1C-6                       Effluent Charges

P.1C-7                       Emission Charges

P.1C-8                       Exactions

P.1C-9                       Feedstock Charges                       

P.1C-10                     Impact Fees

P.1C-11                     Severance Taxes

P.1C-12                     Special Assessments

P.1C-13                     Waste-End Charges (Special Industry Fees)

P.1C-14                     Other 

P.1C-15                     Comparison Matrix for Special Charges

 

P.1D-1                                   FINES AND PENALTIES

 

P.1D-2-3                   Fines and Penalties

P.1D-4                       List of Fines and Penalties (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1D-5                       Environmental Benefit Projects (Supplemental Environmental Projects)

P.1D-6                       Monetary Payments

P.1D-7                       Reimbursements (Superfund Liability Cost Recoveries)

P.1D-8                       Other

P.1D-9                       Comparison Matrix for Fines and Penalties

 

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL

 

P.2-1                          TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL

 

P.2-2-3                      Tools for Acquiring Capital Introduction

 

P.2A-1                       BONDS

 

P.2A-2                       Bonds

P.2A-3                       List of Bonds (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.2A-4                       Advance Refunding Bonds

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL (continued)

 

P.2A-5                       Anticipation Notes

P.2A-6                       Appropriation-Backed Bonds

P.2A-7                       Asset-Backed Revenue Bonds

P.2A-8                       Capital Appreciation and Zero Coupon Bonds

P.2A-9                       Certificates of Participation

P.2A-10                     Derivatives

P.2A-11                     Double-Barrel Bonds

P.2A-12                     General Obligation Bonds

P.2A-13                     Mandate Bonds (Environmental)

P.2A-14                     Mini/Baby Bonds

P.2A-15                     Moral Obligation Bonds

P.2A-16                     Mortgage Lease-Back Revenue Bonds

P.2A-17                     Private Activity Bonds

P.2A-18                     Revenue Bonds

P.2A-19                     Short-Term Municipal Bonds

P.2A-20                     Special Assessment Bonds

P.2A-21                     Special Tax Bonds

P.2A-22                     SRF Revenue Bonds

P.2A-23                     Structured Municipal Bonds

P.2A-24                     Tax Increment Bonds

P.2A-25                     Other

P.2A-26-27               Comparison Matrix for Bonds

 

P.2B-1                       LOANS

 

P.2B-2-3                    Loans

P.2B-4                       List of Loans (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.2B-5                                   Agriculture:  Rural Business-Cooperative Service - Economic Development                                   Loans

P.2B-6                       Agriculture: Rural Housing Service -  Community Facilities Loans

P.2B-7                       Agriculture: Rural Housing Service - Housing Site & Self Help Housing

Land Development Loans                                                  

P.2B-8                                   Agriculture: Rural Utilities Service - Water and Waste Disposal Loans

P.2B-9                       CoBank (National Bank for Cooperative Loan Program)

P.2B-10                     Co-Funding

P.2B-11                     Commercial Loans

P.2B-12                     Direct Source (Equipment) Financing

P.2B-13                     EPA:  State Revolving Funds - Clean Water

P.2B-14                     EPA:  State Revolving Funds - Drinking Water

P.2B-15                     Federal Financing Bank

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL (continued)

 

P.2B-16                     Federal Loan Programs

P.2B-17                     North American Development Bank (NADBank)

P.2B-18                     Private Investment

P.2B-19                     State Loan Programs         

P.2B-20                     SRF Pre-Financing and Short-Term Loans

P.2B-21                     SRF Private Beneficiary Loans - Clean Water

P.2B-22                     Other

P.2B-23-24               Comparison Matrix for Loans

 

P.2C-1                       GRANTS

 

P.2C-2-3                   Grants

P.2C-4-5                               List of Grants (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.2C-6                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Cooperative Forestry Assistance

P.2C-7                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Economic Action Programs

P.2C-8                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Landowner Assistance Programs

P.2C-9                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Urban and Community Forestry Program

P.2C-10                                Agriculture:  NRCS - Environmental Quality Incentives Program

P.2C-11                                Agriculture:  Rural Business - Cooperative Service - Business Enterprise Grants

P.2C-12                                Agriculture:  Rural Business - Cooperative Service -  Economic Development Grants

P.2C-13                                Agriculture:  Rural Utilities Service - Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grants

P.2C-14                                Agriculture:  Rural Utilities Service - Water and Wastewater Disposal Systems Grants

P.2C-15                                Appalachian Regional Commission Supplemental Grants

P.2C-16                                Commerce:    EDA -  Public Works and Infrastructure Development Grants

P.2C-17                                Commerce:    EDA -  Special Economic Development & Adjustment Assistance Grants

P.2C-18                                                                                                                                                      Commerce: NOAA - Coastal Services Center Cooperative Agreements           

P.2C-19                       Commerce: NOAA - Coastal Zone Management Administration

Implementation Awards

P.2C-20                                Defense:  Army Corps of Engineers - Civil Works Projects

P.2C-21                                EPA:  Program Grants

P.2C-22                                Partial Listing of EPA Program Grants By Office, 1995

P.2C-23                                EPA:  Performance Partnership Grants

P.2C-24                                EPA:  Sustainable Development Challenge Grants

P.2C-25                                EPA:  Environmental Education and Training Grants

P.2C-26                                EPA:  Environmental Justice Grants to Small Community Groups

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL (continued)

 

P.2C-27                                EPA:  Environmental Monitoring for Public Access & Community Tracking  (EMPACT) Grants Program

P.2C-28                                EPA:  Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Grants

P.2C-29                                EPA:  Superfund Technical Assistance Grants

P.2C-30                                EPA:  Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Program Grants

P.2C-31                                EPA:  Wetlands Protection Development Grants

P.2C-32                                Environmental Technology Initiative

P.2C-33                                FEMA:  Flood Mitigation Assistance

P.2C-34                                FEMA:  Hazard Mitigation Assistance

P.2C-35                                Foundation and Corporate Giving

P.2C-36                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants - Economic Development Initiative Grants

P.2C-37                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants - Entitlement Grants

P.2C-38                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants -  Small Cities Program Nonentitlement Grants

P.2C-39                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants - States’ Grants Program Nonentitlement Grants

P.2C-40                                Interior:  Fish and Wildlife Service -  National Coastal Wetlands Conservation Grants Program

P.2C-41                                                                               Interior:  Fish and Wildlife Service North American Wetlands Conservation Act Grants Programs               

P.2C-42                                State Grant Programs

P.2C-43                                State Revolving Fund Drinking Water Principal Subsidies

P.2C-44                                Transportation:  Federal Transit Administration -  Livable

Communities Initiative

P.2C-45                                Transportation:  Transportation Equity Act for the 21^st Century (TEA-21)

 

SECTION 3.             TOOLS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT

 

P.3-1                                                  TOOLS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT

 

P.3-2                                                 Tools for Enhancing Credit  - Introduction

P.3-3                          List of Tools for Enhancing Credit (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.3-4                          Association Pooling

P.3-5-6                      Commercial Insurance and Guarantees

P.3-7                                                 Environmental Due Diligence

P.3-8                                                 Financial Due Diligence

P.3-9                                                 Grant-Backed Credit Enhancements

P.3-10                                               HUD: Community Development Block Grant Program

Section 108 Loan Guarantees

P.3-11                                               Letter of Credit/Lines of Credit

P.3-12                                               Performance Bonds

P.3-13                                               Senior and Subordinate Debt Structuring

SECTION 3.             TOOLS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT (continued)

 

P.3-14                                   Small Business Administration (SBA) Surety Bond Program

P.3-15-16                              SRF  Bond Leveraging (Fund Collaterization)

P.3-17                                               SRF Common Bond Pools and Cross-Collateralization

P.3-18                                               SRF Interest Rate Subsidies

P.3-19                                               State Bond Banks

P.3-20                                               State Guarantees and Insurance

P.3-21                                               Other

P.3-22-23                              Comparison Matrix for Credit Enhancement Mechanisms

 

SECTION 4.             TOOLS FOR BUILDING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS    

 

P.4-1                                                 TOOLS FOR BUILDING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

 

P.4-2-3                                  Tools for Building Public-Private Partnership - Introduction

 

P.4A-1                                   PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ARRANGEMENTS

 

P.4A-2-3                    Public-Private Partnership Arrangements

P.4A-4                       List of Public-Private Partnership Arrangements

P.4A-5                       Asset Sales

P.4A-6                                   Build/Operate/Transfer or Build/Transfer/Operate

P.4A-7                                   Contract Services: Operations and Maintenance

P.4A-8                                   Contract Services: Operations, Maintenance, and Management

P.4A-9                         Developer Financing

P.4A-10                     Lease/Develop/Operate or Build/Develop/Operate

P.4A-11                     Lease/Purchase

P.4A-12                     Long-Term Lease

P.4A-13                     Merchant Facility

P.4A-14                     Privatization

P.4A-15                     Sale/Leaseback

P.4A-16                     Self-Regulation

P.4A-17                     Tax-Exempt Lease

P.4A-18                     Turnkey

P.4A-19                     Other

P.4A-20-21               Comparison Matrix for Public-Private Partnership Arrangements

 

 

P.4B-1                       EFAB PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND

OPTIMIZATION CASE STUDIES

 

P.4B-2                                   EFAB Public-Private Partnerships and Optimization Case Studies

 

P.4B-3                                   List of EFAB Public-Private Partnership and Optimization Case Studies

 

SECTION 4                          TOOLS FOR BUILDING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

(continued)

 

P.4B-4-5                    Charlotte, North Carolina

P.4B-6-7                    Indianapolis, Indiana

P.4B-8-9                    Jersey City, New Jersey

P.4B-10-11               Miami Conservancy District

P.4B-12-13               New Orleans, Louisiana

P.4B-14-15               North Brunswick Township, New Jersey

P.4B-16-17               Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

P.4B-18-19                           Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

P.4B-20-21               West New York, New Jersey

P.4B-22-23               Wilmington, Delaware

P.4B-24-25               Wixom, Michigan

P.4B-26                     Other

 

 

SECTION 5.             TOOLS FOR DELIVERING FINANCIAL OUTREACH

 

P.5-1                          TOOLS FOR DELIVERING FINANCIAL OUTREACH

 

P.5-2                          Tools for Delivering Financial Outreach - Introduction

 

P.5A-1                       INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

 

P.5A-2-3                    Institutional Arrangements - Discussion

P.5A-4                       List of Institutional Arrangements ( In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.5A-5                                   Border Environmental Cooperation Commission

P.5A-6                                   Circuit Riders

P.5A-7                                   Cooperatives

P.5A-8                                   Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (DOA)

P.5A-9                                   Drinking Water SRF Capacity Development

P.5A-10                                 Environmental Finance Center (EFC) Network

P.5A-11                                                        Region 6 EFC at the University of New Mexico

P.5A-12                                                        Region 3 EFC at the University of Maryland

P.5A-13                                                        Region 2 EFC at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University

P.5A-14                                                        Region 9 EFC at California State University at Hayward

P.5A-15                                                        Region 5 Great Lakes EFC at Cleveland State University

P.5A-16                                                        Region 10 EFC at the Boise State University

P.5A-17                                                        Region 4 EFC at the University of North Carolina

P.5A-18                                                        Region 4 EFC at the University of Louisville

P.5A-19                                 Environmental Financial Advisory Board

P.5A-20                                 Environmental Finance Program

 

 

SECTION 5                          TOOLS FOR DELIVERING FINANCIAL OUTREACH (continued)

 

P.5A-21                                 Finance Charrettes

P.5A-22                                 National Technical Assistance Programs (Non-profit)

P.5A-23                                 Retired Volunteers

P.5A-24                                 Rural Community Assistance Corporation

P.5A-25                                 Self-Help

P.5A-26                                 West Virginia University Environmental Services and Training Division

P.5A-27                                 Other

P.5A-28-29                           Comparison Matrix for Institutional Arrangements

 

 

P.5B-1                                   ELECTRONIC SERVICES

 

P.5B-2-3                               Electronic Services - Discussion

P.5B-4                       List of Electronic Services (In Alpahabetical Order)

 

P.5B-5                       Catalog of Domestic Federal Assistance

P.5B-6                       Environmental Finance Program Home Page

P.5B-7                       Environmental Financing Information Network (EFIN)

P.5B-8                       Environmental Protection Agency Home Page

P.5B-9                       FinanceNet

P.5B-10                     Long Distance Learning

P.5B-11                     Rate Models

P.5B-12                     The Environmental Hotline: Earth’s 911

P.5B-13                     World Wide Web

P.5B-14                     Other

P.5B-15                     Comparison Matrix for Electronic Services

 

 

SECTION 6.             TOOLS FOR LOWERING COSTS

 

P.6-1                          TOOLS FOR LOWERING COSTS

 

P.6-2                          Tools for Lowering Costs  - Introduction

P.6-3                          List of Tools for Lowering Costs (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.6-4                          Accelerated Depreciation

P.6-5                          Activity-Based-Costing (ABC)

P.6-6                          Amortization of Pollution Control Facilities

P.6-7                          Appropriate Technology

P.6-8                          Barter and Payment-In-Kind

P.6-9                          Benchmarking

P.6-10                                   Capital Planning and Budgeting

 

SECTION 6.             TOOLS FOR LOWERING COSTS (continued)

 

P.6-11                                   Common Sense Initiative (EPA)

P.6-12                        Comparative Risk Ranking

P.6-13                                   Cost-Benefit Analysis (CB Analysis)

P.6-14                                   Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CE Analysis)

P.6-15                                   Deduction of Agricultural Conservation Expenses

P.6-16                                   Discounting (Economic)

P.6-17                                   Employee Stock Ownership Plans

P.6-18                        Expensing of Assets

P.6-19                                   Financial Capability Analysis

P.6-20                                   Fiscal Impact Analysis

P.6-21                                   Full-Cost Pricing

P.6-22                                   Life-Cycle Assessment/Costing/Design

P.6-23                                   Pay-As-You-Go

P.6-24                                   Pollutant Loading Allocation

P.6-25                                   Project XL

P.6-26                                   Refinancing Loans

P.6-27                                   Reforestation Tax Credit and Amortization

P.6-28                                   Regionalization

P.6-29                                   Rehabilitation Tax Credits

P.6-30                                   Risk Management and Insurance

P.6-31                        Value Engineering

P.6-32                                   Other

P.6-33-35                  Comparison Matrix for Tools for Lowering Costs

 

 

SECTION 7.             TOOLS FOR ENCOURAGING POLLUTION

PREVENTION AND RECYCLING

 

P.7-1                          TOOLS FOR ENCOURAGING POLLUTION

PREVENTION AND RECYCLING

 

P.7-2                          Tools for Encouraging Pollution Prevention and Recycling - Introduction

P.7-3                          List of Tools for Encouraging Pollution Prevention and Recycling

(In Alphabetical Order)                                                      

 

P.7-4                          Assurance/Performance Bonding Requirement

P.7-5                          Demand-Side Management Pricing

P.7-6                          Deposit-Refund Systems

P.7-7                          Development Rights Purchases

P.7-8                          Differential Pricing

P.7-9                          Environmental Self Auditing

P.7-10                                   Full-Cost Environmental Accounting

P.7-11                                   Green Code of Conduct (ISO 14000)

 

SECTION 7.             TOOLS FOR ENCOURAGING POLLUTION

PREVENTION AND RECYCLING (continued)

 

P.7-12                                   Green Investments

P.7-13                                   Liability Assignment

P.7-14                                   NICE 3

P.7-15                                   Pollution Charges

P.7-16                                   Pollution Prevention Grants (EPA)

P.7-17                        Private Forest Banking

P.7-18                                   State P2/Recycling Loan Programs

P.7-19                                   Tax Incentive Programs

P.7-20                                   Transit Pass Subsidy Programs

P.7-21                                   Other

P.7-22-23                  Comparison Matrix for Pollution Prevention/Recycling

 

 

SECTION 8.             TOOLS TO PAY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

 

P.8-1                          TOOLS TO PAY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

 

P.8-2-3                       Tools to Pay for Community-Based Environmental Protection -

Introduction

P.8-4                          List of Tools to Pay for Community Based Environmental Protection

(In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.8-5                          Adopt-An-Animal/Habitat Programs

P.8-6                          Affinity Merchandise (License Plates, Stamps)

P.8-7                          Agricultural Conservation Program

P.8-8                          Assurances

P.8-9                          Capital Improvements Program

P.8-10                                   Community Foundations

P.8-11                                   Conservation Easements

P.8-12                                   Conservation Partnerships

P.8-13                                   Conservation Reserve Program

P.8-14                                   Contributions of Land         

P.8-15                                   Cost-Share for Livestock Waste Storage Systems

P.8-16                                   Dedicated Government Trust Funds

P.8-17                                   Ecotourism

P.8-18                                   Emissions Trading

P.8-19                                   Environmental Lotteries

P.8-20                                   Environmental Revolving Funds

P.8-21                                   Green Credit Card

P.8-22                                   Individual and Corporate Donations

 

SECTION 8.             TOOLS TO PAY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (continued)

 

P.8-23                                   Land Trusts and Reclamation Banks       

P.8-24                                   Mini Bonds for Stream Restoration

P.8-25                        Mitigation Lands and Banking

P.8-26                        `           Municipal Utility Asset Sales

P.8-27                                   Non-Profit Organizations

P.8-28                                   Point Source/Non-Point Source Trading

P.8-29                                   Special Districts (Special Purpose Districts, Regional Authorities)

P.8-30                                   Tax Increment Financing - CBEP

P.8-31                                   Other

P.8-32-34                  Comparison Matrix for Community-Based Protection

 

SECTION 9.             TOOLS FOR FINANCING BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT

 

P.9-1                          TOOLS FOR FINANCING BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT    

 

P.9-2                          Tools for Financing Brownfields Redevelopment - Introduction

P.9-3                          List of Tools for Financing Brownfields Redevelopment

(In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.9-4                          Brownfields Assessment Demonstration Pilots

P.9-5                          Clean Land Fund (Revolving Loan Fund)

P.9-6                          Community Development Financial Institutions

P.9-7                          Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities

P.9-8                          Environmental Insurance

P.9-9                          Environmental Liability Releases/Agreements

P.9-10                                   EPA Brownfields Workforce Development

P.9-11                                   Environmental Risk-Management (Real Estate)

P.9-12                                   Federal Assistance Programs

P.9-13                                   Industrial Development Funds

P.9-14                                   IRS Brownfields Cleanup Tax Deduction

P.9-15                                   Land Reclamation Banks

P.9-16                                   Land Recycling Companies

P.9-17                                   Property Parcelization

P.9-18                                   Qualified Empowerment Zone Facility Bonds

P.9-19                                   Real Estate Investment Trusts

P.9-20                                               SRF Brownfields Loans (Clean Water)

P.9-21                                   State Voluntary Cleanup Programs

P.9-22                                   Superfund Trust Fund

P.9-23                                   Tax Abatements

P.9-24                                   Tax Incentives

P.9-25                                   Tax Increment Financing

P.9-26                                   Transferable Development Rights

SECTION 9.             TOOLS FOR FINANCING BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT

(continued)

 

P.9-27                                   Other

P.9-28-30                  Comparison Matrix for Financing Brownfields Redevelopment

 

 

SECTION 10.           TOOLS TO ACCESS FINANCING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES &                                               THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES INDUSTRY

 

P.10-1                                   TOOLS TO ACCESS FINANCING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES &                                               THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES INDUSTRY

 

  P.10-2-3                              Tools to Access Financing for Small Businesses and the Environmental

Goods and Services Industry - Introduction

 

P.10A-1                     EQUITY CAPITAL

 

P.10A-2-3                 Equity Capital - Discussion

P.10A-4                     List of Equity Tools (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.10A-5                     Agriculture:  Alternative Agricultrual Research and Commercialization

Corporation                                                

P.10A-6                     Angels (Personal Investors)

P.10A-7                     Business Plans

P.10A-8                                 Commerce:  SBA -  Angel Capital Electronic Network (ACE-NET)

P.10A-9                                 Commerce:  SBA -  Small Business Innovation Research Program

P.10A-10                              Commerce:  SBA -  Small Business Investment Companies

P.10A-11                              Environmental Capital Network

P.10A-12                   Environmental Opportunity Funding Corporation

P.10A-13                   Franchising

P.10A-14                   Investment Forums

P.10A-15                   Investment Networks

P.10A-16                   Joint Ventures

P.10A-17                   Private Placements

P.10A-18                   Public Offerings

P.10A-19                   Strategic Alliances

P.10A-20                   Venture Capital

P.10A-21                              Other

P.10A-22-23                         Comparison Matrix for Small/EGSI Business Equity Capital

 

P.10B-1                                 DEBT

 

P.10B-2                                 Debt - Discussion

P.10B-3                                 List of Debt Tools (In Alphabetical Order)

SECTION 10.           TOOLS TO ACCESS FINANCING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES &                                               THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES INDUSTRY

(continued)

 

P.10B-4                                 Agriculture:  Rural Business- Cooperative Service -  Intermediary Relending Program (IRP)

P.10B-5                                 Bank/Insurance Financing

P.10B-6                                 Commerce:  SBA Business Development Corporations

P.10B-7                                 Commerce:  SBA Section 504 Certified Development Companies

P.10B-8                                 Commerce:  SBA LOWDOC and FA$TRACK Loans

P.10B-9                                 Commerce:  SBA Minority & Women’s Prequalification Pilot Loans

P.10B-10                              Commerce:  SBA Section 7(a) Loan Guarantees

P.10B-11                              Commerce:  SBA Section 7(m) Microloans

P.10B-12                              Commerce:  SBA Short-Term Loans & Revolving Lines of Credit

P.10B-13                              Community Reinvestment Act

P.10B-14                              Convertible Debt

P.10B-15                              Credit Analysis

P.10B-16                              Credit Cards

P.10B-17                              Export-Import (EX-IM) Bank

P.10B-18                              Foundations: Program-Related Investments

P.10B-19                              Leasing

P.10B-20                              Mezzanine Financing

P.10B-21                              Micro-Loan Funds

P.10B-22                              National Cooperative Bank

P.10B-23                              NCUA Community Development Revolving Loans

P.10B-24                              Receivables Factoring (Accounts Receivable Financing)

P.10B-25                              Surety Bonds

P.10B-26                   Treasury:  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund

P.10B-27                              Other

P.10B-28-30                         Comparison Matrix for Debt Tools

CATEGORICAL INDEX

 

SECTION  1.            TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE

 

P.1-1                          TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE

 

P.1-2                          Introduction

 

P.1A-1                       TAXES

 

P.1A-2                       Taxes

 

P.1A1-1                     GENERAL TAXES

 

P.1A1-2-4                 General Taxes

P.1A1-5                     List of General Taxes (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1A1-6                     Corporate Gross Receipts Tax 

P.1A1-7                     Corporate Income Tax

P.1A1-8                     Death and Gift Taxes

P.1A1-9                     Individual Income Tax

P.1A1-10                   Local Sales Taxes

P.1A1-11                   Personal (Tangible) Property Taxes

P.1A1-12                   Real (Ad Valorem) Property Taxes

P.1A1-13                   State Sales and Use Taxes

P.1A1-14                   Value Added Taxes

P.1A1-15                   Other

P.1A1-16                   Comparison Matrix for General Taxes

 

P.1A2-1                     SELECTIVE SALES TAXES

 

P.1A2-2                     Selective Sales Taxes

P.1A2-3                     List of Selective Sales Taxes (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1A2-4                     Alcoholic Beverage Taxes

P.1A2-5                     Amusement Taxes

P.1A2-6                     Energy Taxes

P.1A2-7                     Fertilizer/Pesticide Taxes (Agricultural Chemicals)

P.1A2-8                     Green Product Taxes

P.1A2-9                     Hard-to-Dispose Taxes

P.1A2-10                   Hotel and Resort Taxes

 

 

SECTION 1.             TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE (continued)

 

P.1A2-11                   Insurance Premium Taxes

P.1A2-12                              Litter Control Taxes

P.1A2-13                   Marine and Aviation Taxes

P.1A2-14                   Miscellaneous Selective Sales Taxes

P.1A2-15                   Motor Fuel Taxes

P.1A2-16                   Motor Vehicle Sales and Registration Taxes

P.1A2-17                   Petroleum Products Taxes

P.1A2-18                   Real Estate Transfer Taxes

P.1A2-19                   Rental Car Taxes

P.1A2-20                   Tobacco Taxes

P.1A2-21                   Watercraft Sales Taxes

P.1A2-22                   Other

P.1A2-23-24             Comparison Matrix for Selective Sales Taxes

 

P.1B-1                       FEES

 

P.1B-2-3                    Fees

P.1B-4                       List of Fees (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1B-5                       Access Rights

P.1B-6                       Bond Issuance Fees

P.1B-7                       Connection Fees

P.1B-8                       Construction Fees

P.1B-9                       Franchise Fees

P.1B-10                     Inspection/Monitoring/Testing Fees

P.1B-11                     Licensing and Recreational Fees

P.1B-12                     Local Aquifer Protection Fees

P.1B-13                     Local Water/Wastewater Utility User Fees

P.1B-14                     Permitting Fees

P.1B-15                     Product Registration Fees

P.1B-16                     Professional Certification Fees

P.1B-17                     Septic System Impact Fees

P.1B-18                     Solid Waste Disposal  Fees  (Tipping, Septage/Sludge)

P.1B-19                     State Public Water Supply Withdrawal Fees

P.1B-20                     Tolls

P.1B-21                     Transporter Fees

P.1B-22                     Water Rights Application Fees

P.1B-23                     Well Permit/Pumping Fees

P.1B-24                     Other

P.1B-25-26               Comparison Matrix for Fees

 

 

SECTION 1.             TOOLS FOR RAISING REVENUE (continued)

 

P.1C-1                       SPECIAL CHARGES

 

P.1C-2-3                   Special Charges

P.1C-4                       List of Special Charges (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1C-5                       Direct Water Use Charges

P.1C-6                       Effluent Charges

P.1C-7                       Emission Charges

P.1C-8                       Exactions

P.1C-9                       Feedstock Charges                       

P.1C-10                     Impact Fees

P.1C-11                     Severance Taxes

P.1C-12                     Special Assessments

P.1C-13                     Waste-End Charges (Special Industry Fees)

P.1C-14                     Other 

P.1C-15                     Comparison Matrix for Special Charges

 

P.1D-1                                   FINES AND PENALTIES

 

P.1D-2-3                   Fines and Penalties

P.1D-4                       List of Fines and Penalties (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.1D-5                       Environmental Benefit Projects (Supplemental Environmental Projects)

P.1D-6                       Monetary Payments

P.1D-7                       Reimbursements (Superfund Liability Cost Recoveries)

P.1D-8                       Other

P.1D-9                       Comparison Matrix for Fines and Penalties

 

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL

 

P.2-1                          TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL

 

P.2-2-3                      Tools for Acquiring Capital Introduction

 

P.2A-1                       BONDS

 

P.2A-2                       Bonds

P.2A-3                       List of Bonds (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.2A-4                       Advance Refunding Bonds

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL (continued)

 

P.2A-5                       Anticipation Notes

P.2A-6                       Appropriation-Backed Bonds

P.2A-7                       Asset-Backed Revenue Bonds

P.2A-8                       Capital Appreciation and Zero Coupon Bonds

P.2A-9                       Certificates of Participation

P.2A-10                     Derivatives

P.2A-11                     Double-Barrel Bonds

P.2A-12                     General Obligation Bonds

P.2A-13                     Mandate Bonds (Environmental)

P.2A-14                     Mini/Baby Bonds

P.2A-15                     Moral Obligation Bonds

P.2A-16                     Mortgage Lease-Back Revenue Bonds

P.2A-17                     Private Activity Bonds

P.2A-18                     Revenue Bonds

P.2A-19                     Short-Term Municipal Bonds

P.2A-20                     Special Assessment Bonds

P.2A-21                     Special Tax Bonds

P.2A-22                     SRF Revenue Bonds

P.2A-23                     Structured Municipal Bonds

P.2A-24                     Tax Increment Bonds

P.2A-25                     Other

P.2A-26-27               Comparison Matrix for Bonds

 

P.2B-1                       LOANS

 

P.2B-2-3                    Loans

P.2B-4                       List of Loans (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.2B-5                                   Agriculture:  Rural Business-Cooperative Service - Economic Development                                   Loans

P.2B-6                       Agriculture: Rural Housing Service -  Community Facilities Loans

P.2B-7                       Agriculture: Rural Housing Service - Housing Site & Self Help Housing

Land Development Loans                                                  

P.2B-8                                   Agriculture: Rural Utilities Service - Water and Waste Disposal Loans

P.2B-9                       CoBank (National Bank for Cooperative Loan Program)

P.2B-10                     Co-Funding

P.2B-11                     Commercial Loans

P.2B-12                     Direct Source (Equipment) Financing

P.2B-13                     EPA:  State Revolving Funds - Clean Water

P.2B-14                     EPA:  State Revolving Funds - Drinking Water

P.2B-15                     Federal Financing Bank

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL (continued)

 

P.2B-16                     Federal Loan Programs

P.2B-17                     North American Development Bank (NADBank)

P.2B-18                     Private Investment

P.2B-19                     State Loan Programs         

P.2B-20                     SRF Pre-Financing and Short-Term Loans

P.2B-21                     SRF Private Beneficiary Loans - Clean Water

P.2B-22                     Other

P.2B-23-24               Comparison Matrix for Loans

 

P.2C-1                       GRANTS

 

P.2C-2-3                   Grants

P.2C-4-5                               List of Grants (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.2C-6                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Cooperative Forestry Assistance

P.2C-7                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Economic Action Programs

P.2C-8                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Landowner Assistance Programs

P.2C-9                                   Agriculture:  Forest Service - Urban and Community Forestry Program

P.2C-10                                Agriculture:  NRCS - Environmental Quality Incentives Program

P.2C-11                                Agriculture:  Rural Business - Cooperative Service - Business Enterprise Grants

P.2C-12                                Agriculture:  Rural Business - Cooperative Service -  Economic Development Grants

P.2C-13                                Agriculture:  Rural Utilities Service - Distance Learning and Telemedicine Grants

P.2C-14                                Agriculture:  Rural Utilities Service - Water and Wastewater Disposal Systems Grants

P.2C-15                                Appalachian Regional Commission Supplemental Grants

P.2C-16                                Commerce:    EDA -  Public Works and Infrastructure Development Grants

P.2C-17                                Commerce:    EDA -  Special Economic Development & Adjustment Assistance Grants

P.2C-18                                                                                                                                                      Commerce: NOAA - Coastal Services Center Cooperative Agreements           

P.2C-19                       Commerce: NOAA - Coastal Zone Management Administration

Implementation Awards

P.2C-20                                Defense:  Army Corps of Engineers - Civil Works Projects

P.2C-21                                EPA:  Program Grants

P.2C-22                                Partial Listing of EPA Program Grants By Office, 1995

P.2C-23                                EPA:  Performance Partnership Grants

P.2C-24                                EPA:  Sustainable Development Challenge Grants

P.2C-25                                EPA:  Environmental Education and Training Grants

P.2C-26                                EPA:  Environmental Justice Grants to Small Community Groups

 

SECTION 2.             TOOLS FOR ACQUIRING CAPITAL (continued)

 

P.2C-27                                EPA:  Environmental Monitoring for Public Access & Community Tracking  (EMPACT) Grants Program

P.2C-28                                EPA:  Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Grants

P.2C-29                                EPA:  Superfund Technical Assistance Grants

P.2C-30                                EPA:  Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Program Grants

P.2C-31                                EPA:  Wetlands Protection Development Grants

P.2C-32                                Environmental Technology Initiative

P.2C-33                                FEMA:  Flood Mitigation Assistance

P.2C-34                                FEMA:  Hazard Mitigation Assistance

P.2C-35                                Foundation and Corporate Giving

P.2C-36                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants - Economic Development Initiative Grants

P.2C-37                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants - Entitlement Grants

P.2C-38                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants -  Small Cities Program Nonentitlement Grants

P.2C-39                                HUD:  Community Development Block Grants - States’ Grants Program Nonentitlement Grants

P.2C-40                                Interior:  Fish and Wildlife Service -  National Coastal Wetlands Conservation Grants Program

P.2C-41                                                                               Interior:  Fish and Wildlife Service North American Wetlands Conservation Act Grants Programs               

P.2C-42                                State Grant Programs

P.2C-43                                State Revolving Fund Drinking Water Principal Subsidies

P.2C-44                                Transportation:  Federal Transit Administration -  Livable

Communities Initiative

P.2C-45                                Transportation:  Transportation Equity Act for the 21^st Century (TEA-21)

 

SECTION 3.             TOOLS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT

 

P.3-1                                                  TOOLS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT

 

P.3-2                                                 Tools for Enhancing Credit  - Introduction

P.3-3                          List of Tools for Enhancing Credit (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.3-4                          Association Pooling

P.3-5-6                      Commercial Insurance and Guarantees

P.3-7                                                 Environmental Due Diligence

P.3-8                                                 Financial Due Diligence

P.3-9                                                 Grant-Backed Credit Enhancements

P.3-10                                               HUD: Community Development Block Grant Program

Section 108 Loan Guarantees

P.3-11                                               Letter of Credit/Lines of Credit

P.3-12                                               Performance Bonds

P.3-13                                               Senior and Subordinate Debt Structuring

SECTION 3.             TOOLS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT (continued)

 

P.3-14                                   Small Business Administration (SBA) Surety Bond Program

P.3-15-16                              SRF  Bond Leveraging (Fund Collaterization)

P.3-17                                               SRF Common Bond Pools and Cross-Collateralization

P.3-18                                               SRF Interest Rate Subsidies

P.3-19                                               State Bond Banks

P.3-20                                               State Guarantees and Insurance

P.3-21                                               Other

P.3-22-23                              Comparison Matrix for Credit Enhancement Mechanisms

 

SECTION 4.             TOOLS FOR BUILDING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS    

 

P.4-1                                                 TOOLS FOR BUILDING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

 

P.4-2-3                                  Tools for Building Public-Private Partnership - Introduction

 

P.4A-1                                   PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ARRANGEMENTS

 

P.4A-2-3                    Public-Private Partnership Arrangements

P.4A-4                       List of Public-Private Partnership Arrangements

P.4A-5                       Asset Sales

P.4A-6                                   Build/Operate/Transfer or Build/Transfer/Operate

P.4A-7                                   Contract Services: Operations and Maintenance

P.4A-8                                   Contract Services: Operations, Maintenance, and Management

P.4A-9                         Developer Financing

P.4A-10                     Lease/Develop/Operate or Build/Develop/Operate

P.4A-11                     Lease/Purchase

P.4A-12                     Long-Term Lease

P.4A-13                     Merchant Facility

P.4A-14                     Privatization

P.4A-15                     Sale/Leaseback

P.4A-16                     Self-Regulation

P.4A-17                     Tax-Exempt Lease

P.4A-18                     Turnkey

P.4A-19                     Other

P.4A-20-21               Comparison Matrix for Public-Private Partnership Arrangements

 

 

P.4B-1                       EFAB PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND

OPTIMIZATION CASE STUDIES

 

P.4B-2                                   EFAB Public-Private Partnerships and Optimization Case Studies

 

P.4B-3                                   List of EFAB Public-Private Partnership and Optimization Case Studies

 

SECTION 4                          TOOLS FOR BUILDING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

(continued)

 

P.4B-4-5                    Charlotte, North Carolina

P.4B-6-7                    Indianapolis, Indiana

P.4B-8-9                    Jersey City, New Jersey

P.4B-10-11               Miami Conservancy District

P.4B-12-13               New Orleans, Louisiana

P.4B-14-15               North Brunswick Township, New Jersey

P.4B-16-17               Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

P.4B-18-19                           Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

P.4B-20-21               West New York, New Jersey

P.4B-22-23               Wilmington, Delaware

P.4B-24-25               Wixom, Michigan

P.4B-26                     Other

 

 

SECTION 5.             TOOLS FOR DELIVERING FINANCIAL OUTREACH

 

P.5-1                          TOOLS FOR DELIVERING FINANCIAL OUTREACH

 

P.5-2                          Tools for Delivering Financial Outreach - Introduction

 

P.5A-1                       INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

 

P.5A-2-3                    Institutional Arrangements - Discussion

P.5A-4                       List of Institutional Arrangements ( In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.5A-5                                   Border Environmental Cooperation Commission

P.5A-6                                   Circuit Riders

P.5A-7                                   Cooperatives

P.5A-8                                   Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (DOA)

P.5A-9                                   Drinking Water SRF Capacity Development

P.5A-10                                 Environmental Finance Center (EFC) Network

P.5A-11                                                        Region 6 EFC at the University of New Mexico

P.5A-12                                                        Region 3 EFC at the University of Maryland

P.5A-13                                                        Region 2 EFC at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University

P.5A-14                                                        Region 9 EFC at California State University at Hayward

P.5A-15                                                        Region 5 Great Lakes EFC at Cleveland State University

P.5A-16                                                        Region 10 EFC at the Boise State University

P.5A-17                                                        Region 4 EFC at the University of North Carolina

P.5A-18                                                        Region 4 EFC at the University of Louisville

P.5A-19                                 Environmental Financial Advisory Board

P.5A-20                                 Environmental Finance Program

 

 

SECTION 5                          TOOLS FOR DELIVERING FINANCIAL OUTREACH (continued)

 

P.5A-21                                 Finance Charrettes

P.5A-22                                 National Technical Assistance Programs (Non-profit)

P.5A-23                                 Retired Volunteers

P.5A-24                                 Rural Community Assistance Corporation

P.5A-25                                 Self-Help

P.5A-26                                 West Virginia University Environmental Services and Training Division

P.5A-27                                 Other

P.5A-28-29                           Comparison Matrix for Institutional Arrangements

 

 

P.5B-1                                   ELECTRONIC SERVICES

 

P.5B-2-3                               Electronic Services - Discussion

P.5B-4                       List of Electronic Services (In Alpahabetical Order)

 

P.5B-5                       Catalog of Domestic Federal Assistance

P.5B-6                       Environmental Finance Program Home Page

P.5B-7                       Environmental Financing Information Network (EFIN)

P.5B-8                       Environmental Protection Agency Home Page

P.5B-9                       FinanceNet

P.5B-10                     Long Distance Learning

P.5B-11                     Rate Models

P.5B-12                     The Environmental Hotline: Earth’s 911

P.5B-13                     World Wide Web

P.5B-14                     Other

P.5B-15                     Comparison Matrix for Electronic Services

 

 

SECTION 6.             TOOLS FOR LOWERING COSTS

 

P.6-1                          TOOLS FOR LOWERING COSTS

 

P.6-2                          Tools for Lowering Costs  - Introduction

P.6-3                          List of Tools for Lowering Costs (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.6-4                          Accelerated Depreciation

P.6-5                          Activity-Based-Costing (ABC)

P.6-6                          Amortization of Pollution Control Facilities

P.6-7                          Appropriate Technology

P.6-8                          Barter and Payment-In-Kind

P.6-9                          Benchmarking

P.6-10                                   Capital Planning and Budgeting

 

SECTION 6.             TOOLS FOR LOWERING COSTS (continued)

 

P.6-11                                   Common Sense Initiative (EPA)

P.6-12                        Comparative Risk Ranking

P.6-13                                   Cost-Benefit Analysis (CB Analysis)

P.6-14                                   Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CE Analysis)

P.6-15                                   Deduction of Agricultural Conservation Expenses

P.6-16                                   Discounting (Economic)

P.6-17                                   Employee Stock Ownership Plans

P.6-18                        Expensing of Assets

P.6-19                                   Financial Capability Analysis

P.6-20                                   Fiscal Impact Analysis

P.6-21                                   Full-Cost Pricing

P.6-22                                   Life-Cycle Assessment/Costing/Design

P.6-23                                   Pay-As-You-Go

P.6-24                                   Pollutant Loading Allocation

P.6-25                                   Project XL

P.6-26                                   Refinancing Loans

P.6-27                                   Reforestation Tax Credit and Amortization

P.6-28                                   Regionalization

P.6-29                                   Rehabilitation Tax Credits

P.6-30                                   Risk Management and Insurance

P.6-31                        Value Engineering

P.6-32                                   Other

P.6-33-35                  Comparison Matrix for Tools for Lowering Costs

 

 

SECTION 7.             TOOLS FOR ENCOURAGING POLLUTION

PREVENTION AND RECYCLING

 

P.7-1                          TOOLS FOR ENCOURAGING POLLUTION

PREVENTION AND RECYCLING

 

P.7-2                          Tools for Encouraging Pollution Prevention and Recycling - Introduction

P.7-3                          List of Tools for Encouraging Pollution Prevention and Recycling

(In Alphabetical Order)                                                      

 

P.7-4                          Assurance/Performance Bonding Requirement

P.7-5                          Demand-Side Management Pricing

P.7-6                          Deposit-Refund Systems

P.7-7                          Development Rights Purchases

P.7-8                          Differential Pricing

P.7-9                          Environmental Self Auditing

P.7-10                                   Full-Cost Environmental Accounting

P.7-11                                   Green Code of Conduct (ISO 14000)

 

SECTION 7.             TOOLS FOR ENCOURAGING POLLUTION

PREVENTION AND RECYCLING (continued)

 

P.7-12                                   Green Investments

P.7-13                                   Liability Assignment

P.7-14                                   NICE 3

P.7-15                                   Pollution Charges

P.7-16                                   Pollution Prevention Grants (EPA)

P.7-17                        Private Forest Banking

P.7-18                                   State P2/Recycling Loan Programs

P.7-19                                   Tax Incentive Programs

P.7-20                                   Transit Pass Subsidy Programs

P.7-21                                   Other

P.7-22-23                  Comparison Matrix for Pollution Prevention/Recycling

 

 

SECTION 8.             TOOLS TO PAY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

 

P.8-1                          TOOLS TO PAY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

 

P.8-2-3                       Tools to Pay for Community-Based Environmental Protection -

Introduction

P.8-4                          List of Tools to Pay for Community Based Environmental Protection

(In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.8-5                          Adopt-An-Animal/Habitat Programs

P.8-6                          Affinity Merchandise (License Plates, Stamps)

P.8-7                          Agricultural Conservation Program

P.8-8                          Assurances

P.8-9                          Capital Improvements Program

P.8-10                                   Community Foundations

P.8-11                                   Conservation Easements

P.8-12                                   Conservation Partnerships

P.8-13                                   Conservation Reserve Program

P.8-14                                   Contributions of Land         

P.8-15                                   Cost-Share for Livestock Waste Storage Systems

P.8-16                                   Dedicated Government Trust Funds

P.8-17                                   Ecotourism

P.8-18                                   Emissions Trading

P.8-19                                   Environmental Lotteries

P.8-20                                   Environmental Revolving Funds

P.8-21                                   Green Credit Card

P.8-22                                   Individual and Corporate Donations

 

SECTION 8.             TOOLS TO PAY FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (continued)

 

P.8-23                                   Land Trusts and Reclamation Banks       

P.8-24                                   Mini Bonds for Stream Restoration

P.8-25                        Mitigation Lands and Banking

P.8-26                        `           Municipal Utility Asset Sales

P.8-27                                   Non-Profit Organizations

P.8-28                                   Point Source/Non-Point Source Trading

P.8-29                                   Special Districts (Special Purpose Districts, Regional Authorities)

P.8-30                                   Tax Increment Financing - CBEP

P.8-31                                   Other

P.8-32-34                  Comparison Matrix for Community-Based Protection

 

SECTION 9.             TOOLS FOR FINANCING BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT

 

P.9-1                          TOOLS FOR FINANCING BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT    

 

P.9-2                          Tools for Financing Brownfields Redevelopment - Introduction

P.9-3                          List of Tools for Financing Brownfields Redevelopment

(In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.9-4                          Brownfields Assessment Demonstration Pilots

P.9-5                          Clean Land Fund (Revolving Loan Fund)

P.9-6                          Community Development Financial Institutions

P.9-7                          Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities

P.9-8                          Environmental Insurance

P.9-9                          Environmental Liability Releases/Agreements

P.9-10                                   EPA Brownfields Workforce Development

P.9-11                                   Environmental Risk-Management (Real Estate)

P.9-12                                   Federal Assistance Programs

P.9-13                                   Industrial Development Funds

P.9-14                                   IRS Brownfields Cleanup Tax Deduction

P.9-15                                   Land Reclamation Banks

P.9-16                                   Land Recycling Companies

P.9-17                                   Property Parcelization

P.9-18                                   Qualified Empowerment Zone Facility Bonds

P.9-19                                   Real Estate Investment Trusts

P.9-20                                               SRF Brownfields Loans (Clean Water)

P.9-21                                   State Voluntary Cleanup Programs

P.9-22                                   Superfund Trust Fund

P.9-23                                   Tax Abatements

P.9-24                                   Tax Incentives

P.9-25                                   Tax Increment Financing

P.9-26                                   Transferable Development Rights

SECTION 9.             TOOLS FOR FINANCING BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT

(continued)

 

P.9-27                                   Other

P.9-28-30                  Comparison Matrix for Financing Brownfields Redevelopment

 

 

SECTION 10.           TOOLS TO ACCESS FINANCING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES &                                               THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES INDUSTRY

 

P.10-1                                   TOOLS TO ACCESS FINANCING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES &                                               THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES INDUSTRY

 

  P.10-2-3                              Tools to Access Financing for Small Businesses and the Environmental

Goods and Services Industry - Introduction

 

P.10A-1                     EQUITY CAPITAL

 

P.10A-2-3                 Equity Capital - Discussion

P.10A-4                     List of Equity Tools (In Alphabetical Order)

 

P.10A-5                     Agriculture:  Alternative Agricultrual Research and Commercialization

Corporation                                                

P.10A-6                     Angels (Personal Investors)

P.10A-7                     Business Plans

P.10A-8                                 Commerce:  SBA -  Angel Capital Electronic Network (ACE-NET)

P.10A-9                                 Commerce:  SBA -  Small Business Innovation Research Program

P.10A-10                              Commerce:  SBA -  Small Business Investment Companies

P.10A-11                              Environmental Capital Network

P.10A-12                   Environmental Opportunity Funding Corporation

P.10A-13                   Franchising

P.10A-14                   Investment Forums

P.10A-15                   Investment Networks

P.10A-16                   Joint Ventures

P.10A-17                   Private Placements

P.10A-18                   Public Offerings

P.10A-19                   Strategic Alliances

P.10A-20                   Venture Capital

P.10A-21                              Other

P.10A-22-23                         Comparison Matrix for Small/EGSI Business Equity Capital

 

P.10B-1                                 DEBT

 

P.10B-2                                 Debt - Discussion

P.10B-3                                 List of Debt Tools (In Alphabetical Order)

SECTION 10.           TOOLS TO ACCESS FINANCING FOR SMALL BUSINESSES &                                               THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES INDUSTRY

(continued)

 

P.10B-4                                 Agriculture:  Rural Business- Cooperative Service -  Intermediary Relending Program (IRP)

P.10B-5                                 Bank/Insurance Financing

P.10B-6                                 Commerce:  SBA Business Development Corporations

P.10B-7                                 Commerce:  SBA Section 504 Certified Development Companies

P.10B-8                                 Commerce:  SBA LOWDOC and FA$TRACK Loans

P.10B-9                                 Commerce:  SBA Minority & Women’s Prequalification Pilot Loans

P.10B-10                              Commerce:  SBA Section 7(a) Loan Guarantees

P.10B-11                              Commerce:  SBA Section 7(m) Microloans

P.10B-12                              Commerce:  SBA Short-Term Loans & Revolving Lines of Credit

P.10B-13                              Community Reinvestment Act

P.10B-14                              Convertible Debt

P.10B-15                              Credit Analysis

P.10B-16                              Credit Cards

P.10B-17                              Export-Import (EX-IM) Bank

P.10B-18                              Foundations: Program-Related Investments

P.10B-19                              Leasing

P.10B-20                              Mezzanine Financing

P.10B-21                              Micro-Loan Funds

P.10B-22                              National Cooperative Bank

P.10B-23                              NCUA Community Development Revolving Loans

P.10B-24                              Receivables Factoring (Accounts Receivable Financing)

P.10B-25                              Surety Bonds

P.10B-26                   Treasury:  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund

P.10B-27                              Other

P.10B-28-30                         Comparison Matrix for Debt Tools

 

INDEX OF NEW AND SUBSTANTIALLY REVISED TOOLS

FOR THE GUIDEBOOK OF FINANCIAL TOOLS - APRIL 1999 REVISION

 

 

Activity-Based-Costing (Related to Full-Cost Environmental Accounting, in Section 7)

 

Department of Agriculture

Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization (AARC) Corporation

Cooperative State Research, Education & Extension Service, Community-Based Environmental Education

Forest Service, Cooperative Forestry Assistance

Forest Service, Economic Action Programs

Forest Service, Landowner Assistance Programs

Forest Service, Urban and Community Forestry Program

Natural Resource Conservation Service, Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Intermediary Relending Program

Rural Utilities Service, Distance Learning and Telemedicine Loans and Grants

 

Appropriate Technology

Barter and Payment-In-Kind

Capital Appreciation and Zero Coupon Bonds

Capital Planning and Budgeting

Co-Funding

 

Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Coastal Services Center Cooperative Agreements

Coastal Zone Management Administration/Implementation Awards

 

Community Foundations

Community Reinvestment Act

Conservation Easements

Corps of Engineers, Civil Works Projects

Development Rights Purchases

Differential Pricing – Replaces Previous Version, See Section 7

Direct Source (Equipment) Financing

Discounting (Economic)

Environmental Capital Network (ECN)

 

INDEX OF NEW AND SUBSTANTIALLY REVISED TOOLS

(continued)

 

 

 

Environmental Due Diligence

Environmental Lottery - Replaces Previous Version, See page Section 1E

 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Brownfields Workforce Development

Environmental Education and Training Grant Programs

Environmental Justice Initiative and Small Grants Program

Environmental Monitoring For Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) Grants Program

Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Program Grants

Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Grants

Superfund Technical Assistance Grants

Wetlands Protection Development Grants

 

Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank

 

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Flood Mitigation Assistance

Hazard Mitigation Assistance

 

Financial Due Diligence

Fiscal Impact Analysis

Foundations: Program-Related Investments

Franchise Fees

Green Code of Conduct, ISO 14000 Voluntary Environmental Standards

 

Department of the Interior

Fish and Wildlife Service, National Coastal Wetlands Conservation Grants Program

Fish and Wildlife Service, North American Wetlands Conservation Act Grant Programs

 

Joint Ventures

Life-Cycle Assessment/Costing/Design

Local Aquifer Protection Fees

Local Sales Taxes

Mezzanine Financing

INDEX OF NEW AND SUBSTANTIALLY REVISED TOOLS

(continued)

 

 

Micro-Loan Funds

Mini/Baby Bonds (Replaces Mini Bonds in Section 2A, not Mini Bonds for Stream Restoration in Section 8)

Miscellaneous Selective Sales Taxes

National Cooperative Bank

National Credit Union Administration

Pay-As-You-Go

Property Parcelization

Real (Ad Valorem) Property Taxes

Refinancing Loans and Bonds

Regionalization

Risk Management and Insurance

 

Small Business Administration (SBA)

Angel Capital Electronic Network (ACE-Net)

Section 7(a) Loan Guarantees

Short Term Loans and Revolving Lines of Credit (CAPLines)

LowDoc and FA$TRAK Loan Programs

Minority and Women’s Prequalification Pilot Loan Program

Section 7(m) Microloans

Section 504 Certified Development Companies

Surety Bond Program

 

Small Business Innovation Research Program

SRF Clean Water Private Beneficiary Bonds

SRF Drinking Water Principal Subsidies

State Grant Programs

Structured Municipal Bonds

Tolls

 

Department of Transportation

Federal Transit Administration, Livable Communities Initiative

Transportation Equity Act for the 21^st Century (TEA-21)

 

Department of the Treasury

Community Development Financial Institutions Fund

 

Internal Revenue Service

Accelerated Depreciation

Amortization of Pollution Control Facilities

Brownfields Cleanup Tax Deduction

Deduction of Agricultural Conservation Expenses

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP)

Expensing of Assets

Reforestation Tax Credit and Amortization

Rehabilitation Tax Credits

Value Analysis/Engineering/Management

APPENDICES

A.  PROPOSED TOOLS FOR THE NEXT   GUIDEBOOK

 

 

 

This Guidebook of Financial Tools is intended as a basic reference document for public and private officials with environmental responsibilities.  The editors want the Guidebook to remain a dynamic document -- with revisions,  refinements, and expansions taking place on a reoccurring basis (every two years or so).  In the interim between Guidebook revisions, many new financing tools are being developed, tested, and implemented in the real-world by innovative officials in both the public and private sectors.  This Appendix is an attempt to capture for our users and readers during the time between Guidebook revisions some of those exciting new financing tools.  The Appendix’s primary function is to provide a site for the new tools in the electronic version of the Guidebook that is located on the World Wide Web/Internet at  http://www.epa.gov/efinpage/guidbk98/index.htm.  However, we have also taken this opportunity to include in the Appendix a number of writeups that were completed too late to be included within specific sections of the Guidebook.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BETTER AMERICA BONDS

(Tax Credit Bonds)

 

 

Description: Better America Bonds are a form of environmental tax credit bond.  The term of these bonds would be fifteen years.  They would be issued by State and local governments (including Indian tribal governments and U.S. possessions) to help address the problems created by urban sprawl.  The holders of the bonds would receive annual tax credits in the place of interest payments.  Because the tax credits compensate the bond holder for lending money, they would be taxed.

 

Actual Use:  The proposed Better American Bonds program is part of the Clinton Administration’s initiative to build livable American communities.  The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency  (EPA) would be authorized to oversee the program and to allocate $1.9 billion  in tax credit authority each year for five years, beginning in the year 2000.

 

Potential Use:  The proceeds from the bonds would be used to finance State and local programs which address problems such as traffic congestion, lost farmland, threatened water quality, shrinking parkland and abandoned industrial sites, or Brownfields.  These bonds would give local communities increased flexibility and access to cheaper financing to help meet these environmental needs.

 

Advantages:  This program would provide a significant financial incentive for State and local governments and other qualified parties to issue Better America Bonds, as well as incentives for investors to purchase the bonds.  Issuers would pay no interest on the bonds and would not have to make principal payments for fifteen years.  Purchasers of the bonds would receive an annual tax credit equivalent to the interest earned on taxable double AA corporate bonds and repayment of their principal. 

 

Limitations:   State and local governments and other eligible parties must apply to the EPA for authority to issue the bonds as part of an annual competition. The competition for these bonds could be intense and some communities would have advantages in terms of resources and knowledge of how to apply for federal programs.  In some cases, the tax-credit bond financing might not provide a large enough subsidy to induce State and local governments to undertake beneficial environmental infrastructure projects. Finally, the program must be authorized by the Congress before it can be implemented.

 

Reference for Further Information: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Comptroller, Environmental Finance Program, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, Telephone: 202-564-4998, Fax: 202-565-2587, E-Mail: ames.george@epa.gov.  For information purposes, U.S. EPA plans in the near future to set up a Better America Bonds site on its World Wide Web home page at http://www.epa.gov.

                                      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

ENVIRONMENTAL BOND GUARANTEE FUND PROGRAM

 

 

Description:  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed creating an Environmental Bond Guaranty Program (EBGP) to enhance the credit of municipal bonds issued for environmental infrastructure projects in nations worldwide.  The proposal is modeled on the U.S. financial guaranty insurance industry and has been adapted to emerging bond markets. It envisions a program whose funds would be managed in the United States and invested in high grade securities.  All of EBGP’s assets would be pledged to each obligation guarantied. The EBGP would determine the optimum structure for its guaranties (i.e., credit insurance, financial guaranty insurance, letter of credit, direct guaranty, etc.) in each country in which it operates.  Guaranties would provide for full and timely payment. Guaranties, once issued, would be irrevocable, unconditional and uncancelable.

 

Actual Use: The program remains a proposal under discussion at this time.

 

Potential Use:  The EBGP would be capitalized with up to $100 million which would enable it to  guaranty up to $3 billion of municipal bonds over a 10 year period.  The EBGP would guaranty financial obligations undertaken by regional or local governments (or those acting on behalf of such governments) for capital projects to provide or improve environmental infrastructure which serves the general public.  Projects could include works to provide drinking water purification or distribution, wastewater treatment or collection, the disposal of solid or hazardous waste, the efficient generation of energy, and the abatement of air pollution.

 

Advantages: The EBGP would help regional and municipal governments enter their own national credit markets, as well as the international financial market.  It would do so by enhancing, not supplanting, the credit of these governments who would remain the primary obligors on all bonds guarantied.  The interest savings on the bonds to the people of the countries involved could exceed

 $900 million. The EBGP would benefit more than the environment.  It would: promote the export of U.S. environmental technology; bring fiscal discipline, transparency and openness to local government; and hasten the overall decentralization process.  The program would promote investment in the environment, strong financial markets, and the rule of law.

 

Limitations: Governments must have enacted appropriate reforms and demonstrated the capability to manage their operations on a market basis in order to qualify for the EBGP's guaranty.  To obtain the EBGP guaranty, issuers may also be required to make additional pledges of specific revenues payable to it by, or from it to, higher levels of government including the central government.

 

Reference for Further Information: U.S. EPA Office of International Activities, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, Mail Code: 2650R; 202-564-6406, Contact: William Freemen, E-mail: freeman.bill@epa.gov.

 

 

 

 

                                      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                               CLEAN AIR PARTNERSHIP FUND

 

 

Description:  The Clean Air Partnership Fund is a proposed grants program, and is part of the Fiscal Year 2000 EPA Budget.  This Partnership Fund is a $200 million program that would provide financing for smart, multi-pollutant control strategies that will reduce air pollution as well as greenhouse gases. Funds would be available for projects demonstrating simultaneous reductions in smog, soot or air toxics.  The program would give cities, States and tribes the opportunity to partner with the private sector, the federal government, and each other to provide healthy clean air to their residents.  The fund would also extend its assistance projects involving electric utilities and the transportation sector.

 

Actual Use: The Clean Air Partnership Fund remains a proposal at this time.

 

Potential Use:  Businesses and municipalities face significant cost-restraints which discourage them  from investing in short-term single pollutant strategies.  The Clean Air Partnership Fund would seek to encourage many industries to develop and demonstrate long-range comprehensive pollution reduction strategies. The Fund would financially support bringing the most creative ideas and innovations for cleaning the air to communities.  It would provide communities across the nation with a cleaner environment and help to protect our health and climate.

 

Advantages:   The Clean Air Partnership Fund would encourage the development of innovative, low-cost approaches to air pollution control.  It would provide badly needed new assistance to State and local parties attempting to address the nation’s significant air pollution challenges.  

 

Limitations: The Partnership Fund has not yet received approval from the Congress.  The environmental and financial needs of the eligible recipients in the area of air pollution control dwarf the amount of funding requested for the Fund. 

 

Reference for Further Information:  Summary of the 2000 Budget, U.S. EPA, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, January 1999.  EPA 205-S-99-001. This document is also available on U.S. EPA’s Web site at: http://www.epa.gov/ocfo/budget.htm   U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460, Mail Code: 6101, Telephone: 202-260-7400, Fax: 202-260-5155.

B.  MORE INFORMATION ON EFAB

    

EFAB Advisory Committee Charter

EFAB Membership Roster

EFAB Publications and How To Order    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                             

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                               ADVISORY COMMITTEE CHARTER

______________________________________________________________________________

 

                                   ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL ADVISORY BOARD

______________________________________________________________________________

 

1.  PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY.  This Charter renews the Environmental Financial Advisory Board, which was originally established on February 25, 1991, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. App.2 §9 (c). 

 

The purpose of the Advisory Board is to provide authoritative analysis and advice to the EPA Administrator regarding environmental finance issues to assist EPA in carrying out its environmental mandates.  It is determined that this Board is in the public interest in connection with the performance of duties imposed on the Agency by law.

 

Environmental legislation reauthorized or proposed by Congress in recent years has placed significant additional resource requirements on all levels of government, increasing their infrastructure and administrative costs.  At the same time, limited budgets and changes in Federal tax laws have constrained traditional sources of capital.  Growing needs and expectations for environmental protection, as well as increasing demands in all municipal service areas, make it increasingly difficult for state and local governments to find the resources to meet their needs.  The resulting strain on the public sector jeopardizes the quality and delivery of environmental services.

 

2.  OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES.  EFAB is assigned the role of providing advice on the critical environmental financing issues facing our nation, consistent with current Federal tax laws.  Objectives consistent with this role:

 

Reducing the cost of financing environmental facilities and discouraging polluting behavior;

 

Creating incentives to increase private investment in the provision of environmental services and removing or reducing constraints on private involvement imposed by current regulations;

 

Developing new and innovative environmental financing approaches and supporting and encouraging the use of effective existing approaches;

 

Identifying approaches specifically targeted to small community financing;

 

Assessing government strategies for implementing public-private partnerships, including privatization and operations and maintenance issues, and other alternative financing mechanisms; and

 

Reviewing governmental principles of accounting and disclosure standards and how they affect environmental programs.

                                                                             

ADVISORY COMMITTEE CHARTER

______________________________________________________________________________

 

 

The activities of EFAB will include analyzing problems, conducting meetings, presenting findings, and other activities necessary for the attainment of its objectives.  Scope of activities include:

 

Focusing upon environmental finance issues at the Federal, State, and local levels, particularly with regard to their impact upon local governments and small communities;

 

Addressing the capacity issue of state and local governments to carry out their respective environmental programs under current Federal tax laws;

 

Endeavoring to increase the total investment in environmental protection by facilitating greater leverage of public and private environmental resources to help ease the environmental financing challenge facing our nation.

 

Local governments must pay for the construction and operation of environmental facilities, such as wastewater treatment plants, solid waste facilities, and drinking water facilities.  Their need for resources, both financial and technical, particularly in the face of the growing demand for increasingly expensive environmental services, calls for support from all levels of government and from the private and non-profit sectors.  At the same time, Federal and state resources for environmental programs are expected to remain fairly constant relative to the growth in costs associated with new legislative and program requirements.

 

3. COMPOSITION AND SUBCOMMITTEES.  The Board will consist of approximately

twenty-five (25) members appointed by the EPA Deputy Administrator.  Members will be selected from among, but is not limited to, independent experts drawn from all levels of government, including elected officials; the finance, banking, and legal communities; business and industry; and national organizations.  Most members will be appointed as representatives of non-federal interest.

 

EFAB is authorized to form subcommittees or workgroups for any purpose consistent with this Charter.  Such subcommittees or workgroups shall report back to the full Board.  Subcommittees or workgroups have no authority to make decisions on behalf of the full Board nor can they report directly to the Agency.  Subgroups that do not function independently of the parent advisory committee are subject to all FACA requirements except separate chartering.        

 

4. MEETINGS AND BUDGET.  It is expected that EFAB will meet approximately two (2) times each year, and more often if deemed necessary by the Designated Federal Officer (DFO).  EPA shall designate a Federal Officer or employee, who may be either full-time, or permanent part-time, to be the DFO.  EFAB and its subgroup meetings will be called, announced, and held in accordance with FACA.  EPA may pay travel and per diem expenses when necessary and appropriate.

 

 

 

 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE CHARTER

______________________________________________________________________________

 

Budgetary support for EFAB will be provided through the Office of the Comptroller.  The estimated annual operating costs is approximately $133,900.00, which includes 1.55 work years  of staff support.

 

5.  DURATION.  EFAB may be needed on a continuing basis.  This charter will be in effect for two years from the date it is filed with the Congress.  After that two-year period, the charter may be renewed for another two years, as authorized in accordance with Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. 

 

 

 

_____________________________                                           

Agency Approval Date                                                                                  

                    

 

 

_____________________________

GSA Consultation Date

 

 

 

_____________________________

Date Filed With Congress                                   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERSHIP

AND EXPERT WITNESSES

April 1999

 

 

CHAIR

 

Robert O. Lenna, Executive Director

Maine Municipal Bond Bank

45 University Drive, Box 2268

Augusta, ME 04338-2268

 

 

DESIGNATED FEDERAL OFFICIAL

 

Mr. John C. Wise

Director

Strategic Planning Division

U.S. EPA, Region IX

75 Hawthorne St.

San Francisco, CA 94105

 

 

CONGRESSIONAL

 

Honorable Pete V. Domenici

United States Senate   

328 Hart Senate Office Building

Constitution Avenue & 2nd Street, NE

Washington, DC 20510

 

 

STATE, LOCAL, and TRIBAL

 

Ms. Terry Agriss, President

New York State Environmental

Facilities Corporation

50 Wolf Road

Albany, NY 12205

 

Mr. Pete Butkus, Executive Director

Washington State Public Works Board

P.O. Box 48319     

Olympia, WA 98504‑8319

Mr. Stephen Mahfood, Director

Missouri Department of Natural Resources

P.O. Box 176

Jefferson City, MO 65102

 

Mr. Langdon Marsh, Director

Oregon Department of

Environmental Quality

811 S.W. 6th Avenue

Portland, OR 97204

 

Mr. Arthur W. Ray, Deputy Secretary

Maryland Department of the Environment

2500 Broening Highway

Baltimore, MD 21224

 

Mr. Joseph L. Young

Forest County Potawatomi Tribal Attorney

4693 Young Road

Vesper, WI 54489

 

 

BUSINESS and INDUSTRY

 

Mr. Michael Deane

1202 South Washington St.

No. 328-C

Alexandria, VA 22314

 

Mr. George A. Raftelis

Raftelis Financial Consulting, PA

511 East Boulevard

Charlotte, NC 28203

 

Dr. Jim J. Tozzi

Multinational Business Services, Inc.

11 Dupont Circle, Suite 700

Washington, D.C.  20036

 

Ms. Elizabeth Ytell

Elizabeth Ytell Associates

1228 N. Street, Suite 9

Sacramento, CA 95814

 

 

BANKING, FINANCE & LEGAL

 

Mr. George H. Butcher, Vice President

Municipal Finance

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

85 Broad Street

New York, NY 10004

 

Mr. Michael Curley, Chairman

General Trade Assistance Corp

111 Mount Carmel Road

Parkton, MD 21120

 

Ms. Linda Descano, Vice President

Environmental Affairs

Salomon Smith Barney, 43rd Floor

Seven World Trade Center

New York, NY 10048

 

Mr. Michael C. Finnegan

Managing Director

J.P. Morgan Securities

60 Wall Street, 33rd Floor

New York, NY 10260

 

Mr. Evan Henry, Senior Vice President

Environmental Services #24122

Bank of America

4000 MacArthur Blvd., Suite 100

Newport Beach, CA 92660

 

Ms. Anne Pendergrass‑Hill, Esq.

2639 S.W. 28th Drive

Portland, OR 97219

 

 

Ms. Sonia M. Toledo

Lehman Brothers

Public Finance Department

3 World Financial Center, 20th Floor

New York, NY 10285

 

ASSOCIATIONS and ORGANIZATIONS

 

Mr.  Peter M. Emerson

Senior Economist

Environmental Defense Fund

44 East Avenue, Suite 304

Austin, TX 78701

 

Mr. John McCarthy, Program Director

Northeastern Rural Community

Assistance Program

218 Central Street, Box 429

Winchendon, MA 01475

 

Ms. Deeohn Ferris, President

Global Environmental Resources Inc

P.O. Box 90624

Washington, DC 20090

 

Ms. Heather L. Ruth, President

The Bond Market Association

40 Broad Street, 12th Floor

New York, NY 10004‑2373

 

Ms. Mary Ellen Whitworth

Executive Director

Bayou Preservation Association

3201Allen Parkway, Suite 200

Houston, TX 77019

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPERT WITNESSES

 

Mr. George Brewster,

Executive Director

California Center for Land Recycling

455 Market St., Suite 1100

San Francisco, CA 94105

 

Ms. Sarah Diefendorf, Director

Environmental Finance Center

Building 7, Alameda Point

851 West Midway Avenue

Alameda, CA 94501

 

Ms. Heather Himmelberger, Director Environmental Finance Center  University of New Mexico   

New Mexico Engineering Research Institute

901 University Blvd.

Albuquerque, NM 87106‑4343

 

Dr. Jack Greer, Director                

Environmental Finance Center

University of Maryland

Costal & Environmental Policy Program

0112 Skinner Hall

College Park, MD 20742

                                   

Mr. William Jarocki, Director

Environmental Finance Center

at Boise State University

1910 University Drive

Boise State University

Boise, ID 83725

 

Mr. Robert D. Morgan

Executive Vice President

Clean Earth Technologies, LLC

1814 S. 3rd Street

St. Louis, MO 63104

 

 

 

Mr. Raffael E. Stein, Program Analyst

Annual Planning and Budget Division

Environmental Protection Agency

401 M Street, SW (2732)

Washington, DC 20460

 

Mr. William J. Sullivan, Director

Environmental Finance Center

Syracuse University, The Maxwell School

219 Maxwell Hall

Syracuse, NY 13244‑1090

 

Mr. Donald Iannone, Director        

Great Lakes EFC (UB 215)

Cleveland State University

Maxine Goodman Levin College  

of Urban Affairs

Cleveland, OH 44115

 

Mr. Russ Barnett                             

Kentucky Institute for the

Environment and Sustainable Development 203 Patterson Hall

University of Louisville

Louisville, KY 40292           

 

Mr. Keith Hinds         

Infrastructure Development Services, Inc.

2701 San Pedro, NE, Suite 8       

Albuquerque, NM 87110

 

 

 

Mr. Ralph H. Sullivan, Advisor

Environment, Infrastructure  and

International Trade

1004 Loxford Terrace

Silver Spring, MD 20901

 

 

Dr. Michael I. Luger, Chairman

Office of Economic Development

CB #3435

Public Policy Analysis

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, NC   27599‑3435

                                                           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL ADVISORY BOARD

EFAB PUBLICATIONS

 

(in chronological order)

 

NOTE:   These documents have not been reviewed for approval by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: and hence, the views and opinions expressed in them do not necessarily represent those of the Agency  or any other agencies in the Federal Government.

 

___________________________________________________________________________

 

 

REPORTS, ADVISORIES, LETTERS

 

 

A Guidebook of Financial Tools. The April 1999 revision of the Guidebook is uploaded. It will be updated, based on comments and the additions of new tools.

 

Brownfields Tax Incentive Letter Report, Letter to the Administrator,  October 1998.

 

Comments on the OIA Draft Proposal for the NIS Environmental Bond Guaranty Program, letter to the Assistant Administrator for International Activities, August 1998.

 

Funding Privately Owned Water Providers through the Safe Drinking Water Act State Revolving Fund, July 1998.

 

Cost‑Effective Environmental Management Case Studies, January 1998.

 

State Revolving Fund: A Decade of Successful SRF Performance, 1987‑1997, Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities, Environmental Financial Advisory Board, January 1998.

 

Expediting Clean‑Up and Redevelopment of Brownfields: Addressing the Major Barriers to Private Sector Involvement ‑‑ Real or Perceived, Advisory, December 1997.

 

Why Longer Loan Terms are Prudent for SRF's, Technical Report.  November 1997.

 

Applications of the Cross‑Collateralization Language to Various State Revolving Fund Structures, November 1997.

 

Letter to EPA Administrator on Improving Small Business Access to Capital for Environmental Projects, July 1997.

 

Follow‑up EFAB Letter Regarding Cross‑Collateralization, June 1997.

 

Letter to EPA Administrator on Recommendations Based on EFAB's Five Brownfields Reports, March 1997

 

Barriers and Incentives to Financing Brownfields Cleanup and Reuse. Brownfields Report No. 5, February 1997.

 

Evaluation of the Transferability Provisions in the Safe Drinking Water Act as a Means for Cross‑Collateralization, February 1997.

 

Common Sense Initiative Access to Capital "Charrette", January 1997, an Environmental Financial Advisory Board/Environmental Finance Center collaborative effort.

 

Cross‑Collateralization Issues Affecting the State Revolving Fund Program, November 1996.

 

EFAB Indianapolis Meeting on Financing Brownfields Redevelopment. Brownfields Report No. 4, March 1996.

 

Financing Strategies for Brownfields Redevelopment. Brownfields Report No. 3, March 1996.

 

Financing Brownfields Redevelopment: Linkages to the Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Community Program. Brownfields Report No. 2, March 1996.

 

Leveraging the Superfund: Ideas and Opportunities. Superfund Report No. 2, March 1996.

 

Information Needs of Capital Providers in Brownfields Redevelopment.  Brownfields Report No.1, September 1995.

 

Increasing Flexibility for Financing the Cleanup of Contaminated Sites. Superfund Report No. 1, September 1995.

 

Creating a Viable Finance Program for the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission and the North American Development Bank Under the North American Free Trade Agreement, August 1994.

 

Implementing the Environmental Finance Aspects of the North American Free Trade Agreement, April 1994.

 

Financing the Remediation of Hazardous Waste Sites Under the North American Free Trade Agreement, April 1994.

 

Financing Environmental Infrastructure along the United States‑ Mexican Border and in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics, July 1993.

 

Urban Environmental Policy: Steps Toward Environmental Equity, Reduced Environmental and Health Risks, and Urban Revitalization, March 1993.

 

The Clean Air Act of 1990: A Guide to Public Financing Options, Fall 1992. (This report was prepared in collaboration with the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee).

 

Alternative Financing Mechanisms for Environmental Programs ‑ Final Draft Produced by the Environmental Finance Program for the State Capacity Task Force, Technical Review by the Environmental Financial Advisory Board (EFAB), August 1992.

 

Narrowing the Gap: Environmental Finance for the 1990s, May 1992.  (Progress Report of the EFAB)

 

Public Sector Options to Finance Environmental Facilities, March 1992.

 

Private Sector Participation in the Provision of Environmental Services: Barriers and Incentives, November 1991

 

Incentives for Environmental Investment: Changing Behavior and Building Capital, August 1991.

 

Small Community Financing Strategies for Environmental Facilities, August 1991.

 

___________________________________________________________________________

 

For more information on Brownfield Reports and the Guidebook of Financial Tools, contact:

 

Tim McProuty

Environmental Finance Program

mcprouty.timothy@epa.gov

 

 

 

 

 

For more information on the other reports, contact:

 

Alecia Crichlow

Environmental Finance Program Lead

crichlow.alecia@epa.gov

 

To order reports, contact:

 

Diane Doyle (GCI contractor)

Internet Librarian

efin@epa.gov

C.  MORE INFORMATION ON THE

EFC NETWORK

 

 

EFC Network Contacts Directory

EFC 1998 Annual Report - Executive Summary (under construction)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                   ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE CENTER NETWORK

CONTACT DIRECTORY

 

1.         EFC/Syracuse University, The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs.   

EPA Region 2, New York City                                                        EFC established in 1994

 

William J. Sullivan, Director, Midcareer and Executive Education Programs

206 Maxwell Hall         wjsulliv@maxwell.syr.edu     (315) 443-3759      fax (315) 443-5330

 

Kim Collins      kjcoll01@maxwell.syr.edu                (315) 443-9438       fax (315) 443-5330

 

EFC/Syracuse University, The Maxwell School, 219 Maxwell Hall,

Syracuse, New York 13244-1090

 

Website:   www.maxwell.syr.edu/exed/efc/

 

Focus: Initially, the EFC dealt with risk and finance issues, including a survey of NY communities of varying size to determine how they factor risk assessment into their environmental funding decisions.  The EFC sponsored and hosted a conference examining the issue of full cost pricing of environmental projects, and is conducting a year-long rate model demonstration and training program for local government officials.  The Center conducted an extensive  study of alternative financing strategies for water infrastructure for EPA’s Office of Water.

 

Regional contact:   Robert Gill                                 (212) 637-3884        fax (212) 637-3772

 

EPA Headquarters lead: Timothy McProuty             (202) 564-4996       fax (202) 565-2587

mcprouty.timothy@epamail.epa.gov

 

2.         EFC/University of Maryland, Coastal and Environmental Policy. 

EPA Region 3, Philadelphia                                                            EFC established in 1993

 

Dr. Jack Greer, Director, Coastal and Environmental Policy Program

greer@umbi.umd.edu                                                 (301) 405-6377     fax(301) 314-9581

 

Elizabeth Hickey, Project Coordinator                        (301) 405-6383      fax(301) 314-9581

hickey@umbi.umd.edu

 

Jeremy Haas                                                                                                                          (301) 405-6384

                                                                                    jhaas@wam.umd.edu                                            

 

EFC/University of Maryland, Coastal and Environmental Policy 

0112 Skinner Hall

College Park, Maryland 20742

 

Website:   http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/MDSG/EFC/index.html

 

Focus:  Charrettes as a technique to help communities on an individual basis to obtain information on the nature of finance issues facing communities in Region 3.  Maryland's Governor recently selected  the EFC to produce a report for the state blue ribbon commission on ways to pay for clean up of nonpoint source pollution.

 

Regional grant manager: Mindy Lemoine                     (215) 566-2736  fax (215) 566-2201

 

EPA Headquarters lead:  Vera Hannigan                      (202) 564-5001  fax (202) 565-2587

hannigan.vera@epamail.epa.gov

 

3.         Great Lakes EFC/Cleveland State University, Urban Center

EPA Region 5, Chicago                                                                 EFC established in 1995

 

Don Iannone, Director (216) 687-4590    (assistant: Olga Lee (216) 687-6947)                   

d.iannone@popmail.csuohio.edu

                                       Kirstin Toth - Brownfields Outreach

Dr. Ziona Austrian, Assistant Director                                                           (216) 687-3988         (330) 528-3237

z.austrian@popmail.csuohio.edu                                 Adina Swirsky - Pollution Prevention

                                                                                                                       (216) 687-5489

                                                                                                                                               

Great Lakes EFC/Cleveland State University, Economic Development Program UB 215

Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban affairs

Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115                                 fax (216) 687-9277

 

Website:         http://www.csuohio.edu/glefc/

 

Focus:  Brownfield site redevelopment and industrial pollution financing.  The initial focus of this EFC is on financial issues affecting the availability of credit and financial tools and incentives to spur investment in abandoned commercial and industrial sites.  The objective of the pollution prevention project is to build regional networks to stimulate additional pollution prevention activities by small and medium size manufacturers, and facilitate financing for these deals.

 

Regional contacts: Jennifer Manville (616) 922-4769 (tribal)                   fax (616) 922-4499

James VanderKloot (312) 353-3161 (brownfields)                                  fax (312) 353-5541

Keary Cragan        (312) 353-5669  (brownfields)                                   fax (312) 353-5541

                                                                                                                                                           

EPA Headquarters lead: Timothy McProuty             (202) 564-4996       fax (202) 565-2587

mcprouty.timothy@epamail.epa.gov

 

 

 

4.         EFC/University of New Mexico, New Mexico Engineering Research Institute (NMERI)

EPA Region 6, Dallas                                                                    EFC established in 1992.

 

Heather Himmelberger, P.E., EFC Director               (505) 272-7357     fax (505) 272-7355

heatherh@unm.edu

 

Susan Butler, Program Manager [sbutler@unm.edu] (505) 272-7356     fax (505) 272-7355

 

Lorri Skeie-Campbell, Program Coordinator              (505) 272-7356     fax (505) 272-7355

campbell@unm.edu

 

EFC/University of New Mexico/NUMERI                                                                                

801 University Blvd., SE  Suite 200                                                                                       

Albuquerque, NM 87106-4343

Website:         http://nmeri.unm.edu/ta/efc.htm

 

Focus: technical assistance to federal, state, and local governments and public and private entities, specifically in capacity development in small water systems.  The UNM-EFC has a particular commitment to identifying financing options and promoting low-cost, alternative, and appropriate technologies for projects that will encourage sustainable development, pollution prevention, and sources reduction -- at affordable and viable levels.  Ongoing relationships with several bi-national agencies developed from previous border work have been maintained.

 

Regional Contact:  Freda Wash   (mc 6WQ-AT)    (214) 665-8342       fax (214) 665-6490

 

EPA Headquarters lead: Timothy McProuty             (202) 564-4996       fax (202) 565-2587

mcprouty.timothy@epamail.epa.gov

 

5.         EFC/California State University at Hayward, Urban Environmental Research and Education Center. 

EPA Region 9, San Francisco                                                        EFC established in 1995

                                                                                                                                   

Sarah Diefendorf, Director,  

Environmental Finance Center                                                                                                      

Building 7, Alameda Point                                                                                                      

851 West Midway Avenue

Alameda, CA 94501  

email:  sdief@aol.com                                                                                                                    (510) 749-6867     fax (510) 749-6862

 

Web site:        http://barney.sbe.csuhayward.edu/~efc9/

 

Focus:  Development of successful models for public-private partnerships financing environmental systems, emphasizing greater participation of small and medium size businesses.  The EFC will implement a pilot green project to demonstrate a proposed partnership model.

 

Regional contact: Anna Hachenbracht                        (415) 744-1634    fax (415) 744-2499

Cheryl Filart (mc PMD-7)                                            (415) 744-1705    fax (415) 744-1678

 

EPA Project Officer: Vera Hannigan                          (202) 564-5001     fax (202) 565-2587

hannigan.vera@epamail.epa.gov

 

 

6.         EFC/ Boise State University, Idaho 

EPA Region 10, Seattle                                                               EFC established late 1995

 

Bill Jarocki, EFC Director                                                           Carrie Applegate, Secretary                      

(208) 385-4293                                                                                         fax (208) 385-4370         (208) 385-1567   cappleg@bsu.idbsu.edu

bjarock@bsu.idbsu.edu

 

Environmental Finance Center at Boise State University

1910 University Drive, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725

 

Website:         http://www.idbsu.edu/sspa/efc/

 

Focus:  Coordinate analysis and training/outreach activities relative to the viability assessment of drinking water systems.  The Idaho EFC will focus on developing and testing a variety of methods by which system viability can be determined.

 

Regional contacts:      Clark Gaulding                       (206) 553-1849      fax (206) 553-8838

Jim Werntz                           (206) 553-2634      fax (206) 553-8338

Susan Morales                       (206) 553-8580      fax (206) 553-8338

 

EPA Headquarters lead:  Vera Hannigan                    (202) 564-5001    fax (202) 565-2587

hannigan.vera@epamail.epa.gov

 

7.         EFC network email address (internal):                                IN:"efctalk@listserv.syr.edu"

EPA’s Environmental Finance Website:                              http://www.epa.gov/efinpage

 

 

Current as of November 4, 2003

 

D.  MORE INFORMATION ON EFIN

 

 

Accessing the EFIN Database

EFIN Search Form Instructions

EFIN Keyword Index

EFIN Abstracts - Publications and Case Studies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCING INFORMATION NETWORK

ACCESSING THE EFIN DATABASE

 

__________________________________________________________________________

 

 THROUGH THE EPA’S ONLINE LIBRARY SYSTEM WEB SITE:

 

The EFIN database is available via the OLS Web site. There are two access points:

 

1. Go to the OLS Web site at http://www.epa.gov/natlibra/ols.htm and click on Search OLS.

 

‑ Go to the list for Special Collections, click on the Environmental Financing Information

Network.

 

2. Go directly to the EFIN Search page via the Web site at: http://www.epa.gov/efinpage/efindata.htm.

 

For assistance searching the EFIN database, call the EFIN Infoline at (202) 564‑4994.

 

The searching instructions and EFIN Keyword Index are also available via the above Web page. See also the OLS Help page for additional instructions.

 

For technical assistance, call EPA's National Computer Center at 1‑800‑334‑2405 or (919)

541‑7862 (outside the U.S.).

 

Ordering documents:

 

All of the records in the EFIN database include ordering information for the documents. The

EFIN Center distributes EPA publications produced by:

 

* the Environmental Finance Program (EFP),

* the Environmental Financial Advisory Board (EFAB), and

* the Environmental Finance Centers (EFCs)

 

For those EPA documents that are not published by the above mentioned offices of EPA, the

EFIN center will refer callers to the appropriate EPA source for the document. Note: The EPA

Public Information Center (PIC) has been closed and incorporated in the Headquarters

Information Resource Center. Please contact EFIN for any publications which have the PIC as

the ordering contact. Those EFIN database records that feature publications produced by non‑EPA sources provide directions for obtaining those publications from the appropriate source.

 

 

SEARCH FORM

 

The following are the primary search fields on the Search Form. There are boxes with options for

each field. For Text Fields, the search engine has the options "all the words", "exact phrase" and

"any words". The Record Number field has the options "equals" and "is not". The Year Published

field includes the options "=", "less than" and "greater than".

 

     Record Number:

 

     Enter record number, if known.

     Usually used when a record is cross‑referenced.

 

     Ex:123‑EFIP

 

     Keywords:

 

     Enter keyword(s) to be searched. See the EFIN Keyword Index.

     Ex: stormwater

     Ex: wastewater treatment

 

     Main Title:

 

     Enter one or more words from the title  excluding words like "a" or "the".

 

     Ex: brownfields financing

 

     Description:

 

     Enter one or more words to be  searched in the description of the document.

 

     Ex: municipalities

     Ex: financing mechanisms

 

     Author:

 

     Enter any known portion of the author's name.

     This includes organizations or individuals.

     Word order is not important.

 

     Ex: EFAB

     Ex: Environmental Financial Advisory Board

 

     Publisher:

 

     Enter the publishers name, must be specific. For example entering EPA gives a different

     number of results than entering Environmental Protection Agency.

 

     Year Published:

 

     Enter the year of publication or a range of years.

 

     Ex: 1995

     Ex: 1992:1995

 

     Contact:

 

     Enter any word or words from the name of the organization responsible for distributing the       document.

 

     Ex: Environmental Finance Program

 

Note: The OLS Web site also provides the records in a bibliographic format.